{"id":"W3156604921","doi":"10.1139/cjce-2020-0440","title":"Concrete-filled hollow structural sections. I: Materials, cross-section classification, and concentrically loaded columns","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering","topic":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Structural engineering; Tension (geology); Reliability (semiconductor); Section (typography); Beam (structure); Compression (physics); Flexural strength; Engineering; Materials science; Computer science; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001354468,0.0001915484,0.0003431504,0.0003032223,0.0001382645,0.000329644,0.0001317996,0.0001433137,0.0004460669],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000287636,0.0002131154,0.0000948082,0.0004552122,0.00005127277,0.0002627879,0.000009808421,0.0003295504,0.000002818391],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003800261,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002598093,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004828123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00718701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988092,0.00002657443,0.0004991572,0.0001558602,0.0001662887,0.0003429282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988528,0.00005661583,0.00009861467,0.000164793,0.0003287748,0.0004983437],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009804735,7.124115e-7,0.01164515,0.0001276175,0.0004323224,0.0002479477,0.0003375591,0.1191443,0.8664964,0.0003626437,0.001052438,0.0001431533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002536955,0.00009376197,0.6353187,0.000303016,0.0003644105,0.00416146,0.0003707729,0.07785086,0.2658604,0.0001553328,0.01173084,0.001253516],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947445,0.001401166,0.001053371,0.00006792443,0.002260037,0.00005647152,0.00003423138,0.00006758342,0.0003147245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989513,0.00005146256,0.0003880591,0.00001882729,0.0004506184,0.000002450795,0.00001434455,0.00004021656,0.00008276594],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6236735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8690592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008769399470452103,"score_gpt":0.2002459092560191,"score_spread":0.191476509785567,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}