{"id":"W3156716758","doi":"10.1002/ppap.202100013","title":"Scenario of carbon‐encapsulated particle synthesis by spark discharges in liquid hydrocarbons","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Plasma Processes and Polymers","topic":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Pyrolysis; Materials science; Particle (ecology); Hydrocarbon; Carbon fibers; Particle size; Shell (structure); Electrode; Chemical engineering; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Composite material; Chemistry; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001471039,0.0001749922,0.0003303597,0.00005539991,0.00005430987,0.00005660535,0.0001653921,0.00008141736,0.0001457041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003249128,0.000165555,0.00003317401,0.0005090283,0.0001743323,0.0001329446,0.0001100479,0.00008302607,0.000004152715],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002121111,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000177991,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005919625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002795287,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986305,0.00006718598,0.0003468848,0.0003804351,0.0002256204,0.0003493714],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991115,0.0004089912,0.0001078804,0.0002168903,0.00004644472,0.0001082778],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001138368,0.0001220458,0.006930265,0.0001757769,0.00001429145,0.00001781819,0.0005702978,0.00001693945,0.9916523,0.0001177807,0.00002639508,0.000242319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002820975,0.00006475386,0.0001107284,0.0001466865,0.00003782318,0.00002126042,0.0002115367,0.001027795,0.9976969,0.00007429254,0.0001242184,0.0002018815],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913033,0.006850289,0.000006654345,0.0005808659,0.0001439917,0.00008006699,0.00004835446,0.00004193163,0.0009446022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991903,0.0004181402,0.0001618772,0.00004469804,0.00002020334,0.00002661237,0.000005532057,0.00001940724,0.0001132095],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007887077,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6751139,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008087096944114216,"score_gpt":0.2175698139505126,"score_spread":0.2094827170063984,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}