{"id":"W3156893609","doi":"10.1111/oik.08443","title":"Facilitation promotes plant invasions and indirect negative interactions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oikos","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Facilitation; Ecology; Shrub; Plant community; Biology; Foundation species; Grassland; Introduced species; Biodiversity; Species richness","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004974513,0.00004292064,0.00005358928,0.00001284674,0.0001893922,0.000009839202,0.00002120557,0.0000195153,0.000807166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001956553,0.00003937234,0.0000120372,0.00008106839,0.00008546744,0.0001100343,0.00006751964,0.00006328512,0.0001690515],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003037421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006357195,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002814937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003600132,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996527,0.00004191352,0.00006568654,0.0001250201,0.00004622607,0.00006844698],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997145,0.0001817578,0.00002368651,0.00004843242,0.000007838514,0.00002378454],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000225023,0.0003145212,0.9097558,0.0000277538,0.0001344335,0.0000502589,0.03202106,0.0004815705,0.02513138,0.003202039,0.005844313,0.02301434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002597953,0.00005279316,0.9753205,0.00001770186,0.00002210541,0.00003606254,0.002421654,0.003710788,0.005334264,0.008685483,0.003991774,0.0001470441],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9760357,0.00002727714,0.0002611845,0.001115486,0.00008539308,0.00007361145,0.00002189711,0.00001927171,0.02236022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955083,0.00003129428,0.001328429,0.0001390985,0.000005509728,0.00002264369,0.0000171972,0.000002066186,0.002945461],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06556471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8837903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02390674315089456,"score_gpt":0.2479244457167631,"score_spread":0.2240177025658685,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}