{"id":"W3157572912","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3359069","title":"PACs and Super PACs: Measuring the Changing Nature of Corruption Behavior","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland; Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Language change; Business; Remote sensing; Computer science; Geography; Art","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001748676,0.0003340603,0.0004999516,0.002477233,0.0005649746,0.001754652,0.0004507522,0.0007849146,0.00550019],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02126716,0.0002805285,0.0003252184,0.003656106,0.0005156354,0.002508419,0.00115441,0.00085159,0.001055915],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006468324,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008333839,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003196068,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004557327,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981121,0.000966434,0.0001368905,0.0002412773,0.0003982408,0.0001451503],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9776318,0.009145433,0.007028521,0.002029907,0.002568227,0.001596144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002756244,0.0001816932,0.961539,0.00007459163,0.0001412431,0.00005379802,0.0005972867,0.002148774,0.0006422362,0.003564495,0.003479651,0.02730154],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001524903,0.0002631634,0.9852529,0.00001529578,0.00004015605,0.0001005107,0.0006821181,0.007571949,0.0005753068,0.003490637,0.001967893,0.00002477977],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9800717,0.00009890148,0.002720559,0.0003052906,0.0000485426,0.00009802659,0.002751651,0.000135911,0.01376942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964335,0.00004588638,0.0015931,0.00004065308,0.00003597283,0.0000899377,0.0008796199,0.00001764259,0.0008636354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00550019,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01840001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01137921379123408,"score_gpt":0.2586819589846151,"score_spread":0.247302745193381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}