{"id":"W3157816815","doi":"10.1103/prxquantum.2.040333","title":"Gravitational Redshift Tests with Atomic Clocks and Atom Interferometers","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PRX Quantum","topic":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University; Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie; Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Texas A and M University; Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; Texas AgriLife Research","keywords":"Gravitational redshift; Atom interferometer; Astronomical interferometer; Redshift; Physics; Atomic clock; Gravitation; Atom (system on chip); Astrophysics; Astronomy; Atomic physics; Interferometry; Galaxy; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000482588,0.0001132718,0.0001316423,0.00002800433,0.00009289895,0.00003795995,0.00005031743,0.00001917748,0.0003537986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004870717,0.00009765121,0.00003334433,0.000116089,0.00007868864,0.0001345307,0.00002864216,0.0001214125,0.00001776362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000146378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008711467,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001211591,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005324179,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993538,0.00002326454,0.0001207773,0.0002222214,0.0001143209,0.0001656697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996178,0.00006271797,0.00004761749,0.0001300602,0.00007691215,0.00006484801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009605692,0.0001252723,0.1325762,0.00003240463,0.0002009606,0.00004165236,0.0007473121,0.00003786452,0.001935162,0.8444346,0.0009548992,0.01881768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003050885,0.000417685,0.04225494,0.0002587949,0.0001181214,0.00005374803,0.001691161,0.0006478787,0.01347636,0.8699745,0.06713269,0.0009232334],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9603997,0.0002141781,0.03006975,0.0003045205,0.0001466479,0.00009363831,0.0001431152,0.0000285718,0.008599913],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961665,0.00000315638,0.003199284,0.00004198959,0.0001515596,0.00001330337,0.00006648269,0.00001368484,0.0003440715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09032122,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3982101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009248399529000069,"score_gpt":0.2558729110166014,"score_spread":0.2466245114876013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}