{"id":"W3158583889","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.0c07130","title":"Ash-Decorated and Ash-Painted Soot from Residual and Distillate-Fuel Combustion in Four Marine Engines and One Aviation Engine","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Vehicle emissions and performance","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"Universität Rostock; Transport Canada","keywords":"Soot; Combustion; Fuel oil; Chemistry; Diesel fuel; Residual oil; Diesel exhaust; Jet fuel; Particulates; Aviation fuel; Waste management; Chemical engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001308167,0.0001141929,0.0001315427,0.0001994711,0.00008912035,0.00002812377,0.00007140853,0.0001123918,0.0000667707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003526856,0.0001170571,0.000005156673,0.0004239954,0.0003394413,0.0001903955,0.0001956308,0.0001816039,0.000003975509],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007861248,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000958399,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000267801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007817105,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992542,0.000009565942,0.0001469331,0.0002738389,0.0001086405,0.000206855],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999754,0.00002372549,0.00002265441,0.0001317278,0.00000479954,0.0000631696],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008856739,0.00003769986,0.2849182,0.00001920227,0.00000901321,0.00002390806,0.000156772,0.001665212,0.628057,0.0001466166,0.000008150647,0.08494938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005380471,0.00005566228,0.8479475,0.00003942323,0.000009213739,0.00004116782,0.0001796749,0.08579437,0.06383444,0.001043423,0.0003212185,0.0001958541],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998137,0.0007507757,0.000409821,0.0004044909,0.00005136105,0.00007659449,0.00001438469,0.00009625075,0.00005930417],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966068,0.001337357,0.001953933,0.0000119054,0.00001453921,0.000006568194,0.00002312682,0.000009519907,0.00003629512],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5642226,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.477345,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00527606672692166,"score_gpt":0.181058454621283,"score_spread":0.1757823878943613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}