{"id":"W3158871097","doi":"10.1503/cmaj.210531","title":"Managing drug shortages during a pandemic: tocilizumab and COVID-19","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Medical Association Journal","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program; Health Sciences Centre; McMaster University; Women's College Hospital; Trillium Health Centre; Hamilton Health Sciences; University of Toronto; University Health Network; Sinai Health System; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre; St. Michael's Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Pandemic; Economic shortage; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Tocilizumab; Supply chain; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Drug; Key (lock); Distribution (mathematics); Computer science; Business; Medicine; Virology; Pharmacology; Computer security; Pathology; Marketing; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Disease","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001387688,0.0001001236,0.0002652814,0.000180357,0.0003453515,0.0002116698,0.0001464069,0.0001732702,0.006211603],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001857033,0.0001242598,0.00008384712,0.0001394749,0.00003332703,0.0001525341,0.00003769071,0.0006146883,0.0001809251],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001464328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001166024,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002049847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02344158,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986551,0.00004512155,0.0005196319,0.0002257922,0.00009832358,0.0004560584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971294,0.0001312917,0.0002045454,0.00008882913,0.00004728929,0.002398604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001038252,0.00003502719,0.7902529,0.00007237263,0.0003285747,0.0012273,0.001610431,0.00007567971,0.000007539378,0.0575232,0.1317306,0.01712597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001150409,0.000005211901,0.03004674,0.000014438,0.000007579577,0.0005723546,0.0002799316,0.001724156,0.000006976035,0.03270622,0.9332591,0.0002268898],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.600754,0.006812451,0.0003473636,0.3408671,0.001123164,0.0001159234,0.0002747032,0.00003817545,0.04966713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9224722,0.005459374,0.00007015883,0.06875864,0.001050841,0.000005677974,0.000008113419,0.00002000983,0.002155004],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8015285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9946969,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03283414665922613,"score_gpt":0.2798799761710912,"score_spread":0.247045829511865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}