{"id":"W3159565198","doi":"10.3758/s13414-021-02299-w","title":"Foreshortening increases apparent angles","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Guelph-Humber","funders":"","keywords":"Oblique case; Azimuth; Elevation (ballistics); Line (geometry); Perspective (graphical); Geometry; Elevation angle; Optics; Line-of-sight; Physics; Geodesy; Mathematics; Geology; Astrophysics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001433763,0.0005719098,0.0003940143,0.0002817304,0.0002488581,0.000554601,0.0003062361,0.0008405497,0.01466768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001514479,0.0003911224,0.0003586563,0.000163847,0.000411325,0.0006006964,0.0008263549,0.0009001627,0.001069282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002625981,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002583604,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001259065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008026516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998226,0.000009117313,0.000008870747,0.00004686685,0.00004124975,0.00007140789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984797,0.0006625038,0.0002916539,0.0001993577,0.00006708546,0.0002997431],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00159503,0.00006984614,0.001010576,0.00006167511,0.00000861424,0.0001729076,0.00005957167,0.0001744239,0.9914198,0.000122154,0.0001688074,0.00513654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004354724,0.00665288,0.3010155,0.00009991365,0.0001375114,0.002514281,0.001135082,0.004335283,0.6737712,0.003001055,0.006804837,0.00009691946],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9925677,0.0005677048,0.00354911,0.0001541003,0.0002341974,0.00002268529,0.0002592517,0.0001761046,0.002469254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995778,0.0005328599,0.0009141571,0.0001098747,0.00005046549,0.0000125567,0.0002075597,0.00009477153,0.002299692],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01466768,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04906833,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0592366214814929,"score_gpt":0.3328670955382341,"score_spread":0.2736304740567412,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}