{"id":"W3160047292","doi":"","title":"Comparing Dividend Puzzle Solutions by Polish, Canadian, Norwegian and American Executives","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Dividend policy; Dividend; Business; Earnings; Stock exchange; Capital market; Dividend payout ratio; Stock (firearms); Financial system; Monetary economics; Accounting; Finance; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009025885,0.0001503574,0.0002276125,0.001474645,0.0009883736,0.00142706,0.0002622466,0.0002744134,0.002873229],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0066704,0.0001256912,0.0001676989,0.002262847,0.0004204505,0.0008384335,0.0007858905,0.000298524,0.0002636832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002698771,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002812149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6543269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8206941,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995788,0.00003493638,0.00002359333,0.0000487033,0.0001448095,0.0001692047],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976436,0.0005056435,0.0006437708,0.00008909279,0.0007026693,0.0004152207],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002249398,0.00007188851,0.980456,0.00001943167,0.0000359478,0.0001058743,0.003975173,0.0001960755,0.0002372048,0.0007334604,0.001481714,0.01246231],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008638323,0.00001912098,0.9881874,0.0000112133,0.00001495946,0.00002661177,0.008687778,0.0002637169,0.00007582397,0.00008929725,0.002607342,0.000008144524],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9968065,0.0001369304,0.00001568112,0.00007807341,0.000002372997,0.000003494076,0.0001351854,0.000001237991,0.00282049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971783,0.0003258157,0.00004455414,0.00003549832,0.00000391803,0.000002980054,0.0006352941,0.000001803849,0.001771817],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3456731,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6954178,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02193779639506103,"score_gpt":0.1977281874043918,"score_spread":0.1757903910093307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}