{"id":"W3160601612","doi":"10.3390/educsci11050246","title":"Visual Representation Construction for Collective Reasoning in Elementary Science Classrooms","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education Sciences","topic":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","field":"Psychology","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; National Research Foundation of Korea; National Research Foundation; University of Alberta","keywords":"Representation (politics); Meaning (existential); Science education; Visualization; Mathematics education; Visual thinking; Analytic reasoning; Visual reasoning; Psychology; Cognition; Computer science; Cognitive science; Deductive reasoning; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005408095,0.00006090158,0.00007635866,0.0002514945,0.0004873215,0.0001229461,0.0001186678,0.00002545116,0.0005476281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007401937,0.0000611098,0.00001995342,0.002363812,0.0005359335,0.0004035602,0.00002429708,0.00006849827,0.0000224883],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000102616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002098155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001005086,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005600857,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988365,0.00008944592,0.0001657063,0.0004651046,0.0002316688,0.0002115436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991857,0.0001800135,0.0001029915,0.00006501339,0.0004266025,0.00003964877],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006219031,0.0006195735,0.4907336,0.00001975034,0.00001338712,0.000001768974,0.01682571,0.00003273321,0.00481923,0.05093899,0.001131993,0.4348011],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009030025,0.0004624048,0.5446442,0.0001825732,0.00002084675,0.00006804593,0.3978986,0.0006144455,0.02803518,0.02232902,0.004504757,0.0003370059],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9567996,0.0002560363,0.002320112,0.0008696982,0.001791712,0.0002237045,0.00000209751,0.0000237018,0.03771331],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909512,0.000005927031,0.00491048,0.0002950385,0.0001244565,0.000193185,0.00001218397,0.000003640708,0.003503921],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4344641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5996143,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05959137721249565,"score_gpt":0.4771785065468785,"score_spread":0.4175871293343829,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}