{"id":"W3160632722","doi":"10.1002/pst.2132","title":"Selection bias, investment decisions and treatment effect distributions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Pharmaceutical Statistics","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Caprion (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Selection (genetic algorithm); Selection bias; Bayesian probability; Phase (matter); Investment (military); Econometrics; Distribution (mathematics); Computer science; Actuarial science; Economics; Risk analysis (engineering); Statistics; Business; Machine learning; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.2096395,0.0009619133,0.002447317,0.0027342,0.001037089,0.006020559,0.002215618,0.006176873,0.008374845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.5107809,0.001017842,0.001722505,0.002942677,0.00693692,0.008352658,0.002662436,0.00657655,0.0008365434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0038473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002246759,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002088102,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001597323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8604618,0.1135042,0.004757217,0.005901874,0.01258113,0.002793687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.433691,0.516398,0.02812806,0.01524054,0.005442427,0.00110007],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008494604,0.0001488001,0.0234371,0.0005250296,0.0004482391,0.0004256416,0.001334125,0.0299352,0.0004654005,0.8081269,0.006490277,0.1278138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003431193,0.0003297343,0.01085622,0.0006034839,0.0002088184,0.000462783,0.0003395165,0.05696579,0.001055292,0.9212441,0.007484933,0.0001061935],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.1280483,0.007106847,0.7828007,0.04754239,0.0005968215,0.00219058,0.001546619,0.0003475324,0.02982017],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8396051,0.003777686,0.140913,0.006123572,0.0008280228,0.002080322,0.0005990129,0.0001464226,0.005926711],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7903605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9746552,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5404197726327826,"score_gpt":0.5112801002807985,"score_spread":0.02913967235198411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}