{"id":"W3161300219","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v22i2.5108","title":"An Analysis of Digital Education in Canada in 2017-2019","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island; Royal Roads University","funders":"","keywords":"Rigour; Electronic publishing; Higher education; Educational technology; Digital learning; The Internet; Distance education; Open education; Sociology; Pedagogy; Computer science; Library science; World Wide Web; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002393709,0.0003784158,0.0007129574,0.01216228,0.008294002,0.006410943,0.001672727,0.0005944417,0.004722935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008750089,0.0003616978,0.0006770196,0.03611347,0.002329792,0.001643352,0.003951068,0.001347878,0.0004809331],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.2100016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.289502,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9976714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9984943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952171,0.0002475752,0.0002249372,0.0003175438,0.002361107,0.001631731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9823361,0.001317032,0.001307258,0.0002236421,0.01203863,0.00277737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002810155,0.0001829205,0.5730135,0.003384166,0.0001336974,0.001996304,0.1459337,0.001034674,0.0009281143,0.02554577,0.07893881,0.1686274],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007399562,0.00002247788,0.7010141,0.001200366,0.00005010547,0.0001467041,0.1714705,0.0005249098,0.0003082486,0.0004680864,0.1247087,0.00007837039],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8244539,0.01286348,0.001289023,0.01547667,0.0002863495,0.0006418786,0.08114102,0.0001618954,0.06368565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9634751,0.006555332,0.001323181,0.001477769,0.00004327764,0.0002338132,0.01523395,0.00006787412,0.01158953],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7899984,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9162861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04478965343828533,"score_gpt":0.4389825626891503,"score_spread":0.394192909250865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}