{"id":"W3161300219","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v22i2.5108","title":"An Analysis of Digital Education in Canada in 2017-2019","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island; Royal Roads University","funders":"","keywords":"Rigour; Electronic publishing; Higher education; Educational technology; Digital learning; The Internet; Distance education; Open education; Sociology; Pedagogy; Computer science; Library science; World Wide Web; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002063628,0.00004839788,0.0002265771,0.0002512911,0.00002477459,0.0001262645,0.001042373,0.00001450638,0.00002290634],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001277231,0.0000387477,0.00002745685,0.001835431,0.00003316858,0.0003075041,0.0004189823,0.0003468465,7.829319e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001985483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002704686,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.230772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1959828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998506,0.0003639015,0.0003390121,0.0001887667,0.0004714788,0.0001308295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988815,0.0004219065,0.0001084651,0.0002329221,0.0003156482,0.0000395304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009927441,0.000202637,0.9204198,0.0002205194,0.00004992699,0.00002602235,0.0001030567,0.009402712,0.00002224881,0.01015941,0.0004090726,0.05897464],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004462803,0.00005308816,0.6145087,0.005388695,0.00002067452,0.000009304949,0.003228038,0.3664941,0.00004951949,0.00202506,0.007628945,0.0001475095],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9535407,0.01398847,0.001344181,0.02672344,0.00009256554,0.000295029,0.00008497857,0.000004767869,0.003925874],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942928,0.005020845,0.0001877656,0.00006186756,0.000007342884,0.000004577504,0.000247825,0.000001800964,0.0001751718],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3570914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8186884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04478965343828533,"score_gpt":0.4389825626891503,"score_spread":0.394192909250865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}