{"id":"W3161948739","doi":"10.1148/radiol.2021204433","title":"Deep Learning for Malignancy Risk Estimation of Pulmonary Nodules Detected at Low-Dose Screening CT","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Radiology","topic":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":161,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","keywords":"Medicine; Malignancy; Radiology; Nuclear medicine; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009268929,0.0001049666,0.0003187967,0.00005099139,0.00008876905,0.000002778815,0.00003076183,0.00005802348,0.00009512228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002945073,0.00009188308,0.0001149439,0.00009281639,0.00004180915,0.0000255473,0.00002827665,0.00008656311,0.000008030366],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001258407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003146949,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003742228,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002325555,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991835,0.00008887561,0.0002186284,0.0002541152,0.00006785164,0.0001870529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992467,0.0003025818,0.000138473,0.0001736789,0.00008354447,0.00005508246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006339214,0.0003630008,0.6300529,0.0004875612,0.0005411585,0.0005293327,0.0002653248,0.01818673,0.01193924,0.000153684,0.0002032459,0.3366439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003879166,0.0008146511,0.8031863,0.0004106486,0.0006438177,0.001358306,0.000101796,0.1409345,0.04773381,0.0001807997,0.0005780105,0.000178207],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9831632,0.004773687,0.01130204,0.0001883471,0.0001111295,0.0002858226,0.00000978239,0.00003882723,0.0001271611],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877656,0.0007286721,0.01082534,0.00004354848,0.00008368529,0.00009748533,0.0002434582,0.00001926076,0.0001929711],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3364657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3746884,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01207246771139769,"score_gpt":0.2728096119663044,"score_spread":0.2607371442549067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}