{"id":"W3162075735","doi":"10.1109/lsp.2021.3078696","title":"Elimination of Undetectable Attacks on Natural Gas Networks","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","topic":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nova Scotia Department of Energy","keywords":"SCADA; Countermeasure; Computer science; Computer security; Natural gas; Operator (biology); Network topology; Electric power system; Cyber-attack; Pipeline (software); Smart grid; Vulnerability (computing); Power (physics); Computer network; Engineering; Electrical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000791109,0.0001164586,0.0001300628,0.00005883817,0.00007791352,0.00004392987,0.0001037357,0.00006252496,0.0000231914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009361048,0.0001151664,0.0000477985,0.0002731763,0.00005314709,0.0001504895,0.000008612808,0.0002671836,0.000006042347],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004399761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000213743,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001985549,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003684685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992294,0.00002190034,0.0001632168,0.0001576893,0.000205324,0.0002225163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997206,0.00005710699,0.00003739757,0.00009485814,0.00005424495,0.00003576594],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001204472,0.0000167144,0.00004040963,0.0001538061,0.00001340402,0.0000253152,0.0002067637,0.6627818,0.3148017,0.000009416499,0.002201216,0.01973751],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002159643,0.00002624508,0.0005036271,0.0002882936,0.00001571313,0.00001735733,0.00006935887,0.5929536,0.4052567,0.00003099468,0.0004132337,0.000208877],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9353304,0.001345222,0.06056505,0.0006625016,0.0009889081,0.00006874693,0.000001687663,0.0001723186,0.000865166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988785,0.00002002597,0.0002542181,0.0005243265,0.0002611728,0.000003588459,0.000005276181,0.00001879828,0.00003414416],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09045506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.469635,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007100903156426877,"score_gpt":0.2058833295992692,"score_spread":0.1987824264428423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}