{"id":"W3162360684","doi":"10.1093/restud/rdad021","title":"Human Capital, Female Employment, and Electricity: Evidence from the Early 20th-Century United States","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Review of Economic Studies","topic":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Electrification; Electricity; Quarter (Canadian coin); Human capital; Empirical evidence; Economics; Labour economics; Demographic economics; Rural electrification; Capital (architecture); Human capital theory; Mechanism (biology); Period (music); Economic growth; Engineering; Geography; Electrical engineering; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007471382,0.0001341387,0.0001519171,0.001116312,0.000582478,0.0007660303,0.0002357053,0.0002938708,0.004239231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002321508,0.0001255182,0.0001487627,0.002173756,0.0007050151,0.0005159943,0.0007610687,0.0003971828,0.0001903623],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005030831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004008124,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04364324,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08900543,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998325,0.00005281866,0.000009445584,0.00003219111,0.00003435305,0.00003870906],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978269,0.0009592982,0.0007407172,0.00006980171,0.0002429252,0.0001604009],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008265323,0.00006747196,0.9456814,0.0001748051,0.00008859435,0.0004015055,0.007138316,0.000170958,0.0001346666,0.003417074,0.00352461,0.03911787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004140917,0.00002628426,0.9833012,0.0001913364,0.00002594905,0.00008697958,0.007449026,0.00008608364,0.00006870684,0.0004187752,0.008336724,0.000004883276],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9808484,0.00901375,0.00010363,0.001769106,0.00002977296,0.000003988142,0.0005247484,0.000001743378,0.007704807],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941291,0.004854384,0.00004390929,0.0001743538,0.00003695548,0.000003695021,0.0002127694,0.00000104033,0.0005438612],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04364324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0867784,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08893740157636551,"score_gpt":0.3557410570142444,"score_spread":0.2668036554378789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}