{"id":"W3162492041","doi":"10.5194/hgss-12-77-2021","title":"History of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN)-I: pre-SuperDARN developments in high frequency radar technology for ionospheric research and selected scientific results","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"History of geo- and space sciences","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Science Foundation","keywords":"Radar; Doppler effect; Ionosphere; Backscatter (email); Geophysics; Geology; Doppler radar; F region; Remote sensing; Geodesy; Physics; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0037682,0.0009849975,0.0004603023,0.00315503,0.0008275234,0.002658525,0.0006740347,0.0009621442,0.006928054],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002746471,0.0003655949,0.0003054765,0.004890958,0.001419506,0.003162219,0.001856266,0.002212047,0.003324739],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00189426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001545833,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001831582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001602974,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987736,0.000290984,0.00008810405,0.0002136888,0.0005231532,0.0001103638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974744,0.0005199934,0.0001987452,0.000248266,0.001288131,0.0002704742],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003285125,0.0001390354,0.004931677,0.001356831,0.00006068236,0.0002794702,0.0005740027,0.002368413,0.008492127,0.06655425,0.1701515,0.7447634],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009076376,0.0001169153,0.00236448,0.0003774379,0.00001056672,0.0002103177,0.00007550598,0.0005253991,0.002644687,0.002889454,0.9907534,0.00002269772],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01568504,0.5427704,0.07466509,0.01896514,0.02190147,0.0003605034,0.002019609,0.0005334901,0.3230992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1798716,0.4840806,0.1066937,0.006582472,0.02505405,0.0005010957,0.006663809,0.0009633272,0.1895892],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9991724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02317667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02034467335488193,"score_gpt":0.2421083304476613,"score_spread":0.2217636570927793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}