{"id":"W3162518293","doi":"10.4236/jbise.2021.145018","title":"Human Heterogeneity and Survival of the Species: How Did It Arise and Being Sustained?—The Conundrum Facing Researchers","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering","topic":"Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Bone and Joint Health Institute; University of Calgary; Alberta Health Services","funders":"","keywords":"Homo sapiens; Perspective (graphical); Genetic heterogeneity; Human disease; Biology; Disease; Computer science; Evolutionary biology; Data science; Cognitive science; Computational biology; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Medicine; Genetics; Sociology; Pathology; Phenotype","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001129683,0.00007090792,0.000117777,0.00004253375,0.0001814238,0.00008582624,0.0001889979,0.00004991071,0.000001696883],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004064647,0.0000440566,0.00003272298,0.0001656576,0.0007290414,0.00001199382,0.0002631292,0.0001517012,2.054357e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000014059,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001072779,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008660368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002108604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990996,0.00003012818,0.0001549038,0.0001337587,0.0003848978,0.0001966971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994824,0.00002517878,0.00006493481,0.0001201517,0.0001563229,0.0001510032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000263629,0.00001003014,0.003786236,0.0000405883,0.00001810738,0.00000462819,0.0005321457,0.00005262805,0.9948416,0.00004056379,0.00006778369,0.0006030442],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001311258,0.0006363557,0.1587729,0.0002493046,0.0000828734,0.0005398995,0.0104724,0.003821644,0.8014653,0.0001728458,0.02207272,0.0004025543],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994823,0.0006574478,0.001876976,0.002456494,0.0001285458,0.00003193064,0.00000163877,0.00000107132,0.00002286012],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990865,0.0004314174,0.0002458029,0.00006609983,0.0001158695,2.727877e-7,3.615293e-7,0.000004272482,0.00004937786],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1933763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2686183,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01895895198807968,"score_gpt":0.2617591489402361,"score_spread":0.2428001969521564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}