{"id":"W3162876883","doi":"10.1007/s00134-021-06432-z","title":"Falsifiability in medicine: what clinicians can learn from Karl Popper","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"editorial","venue":"Intensive Care Medicine","topic":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto General Hospital; University of Toronto; University Health Network; Health Sciences Centre; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Pain medicine; Medicine; Falsifiability; Anesthesiology; MEDLINE; Intensive care medicine; Epistemology; Pathology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03134904,0.00479491,0.006145368,0.006776581,0.007579924,0.02013978,0.006023981,0.04916852,0.008738967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1411486,0.001959309,0.002792617,0.002827306,0.01003828,0.01252797,0.004555043,0.04728412,0.006168927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006692204,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008081068,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003714001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009526269,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9780276,0.007861963,0.002664511,0.002094939,0.008401037,0.0009499407],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8285164,0.1205513,0.005527162,0.003467547,0.03115233,0.01078521],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001345567,0.000004803595,0.0000140811,0.0002096471,0.00001926581,0.00009514226,0.00004525138,0.00001221403,0.00001113291,0.0006056086,0.9956611,0.003308377],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009274759,0.00002438556,0.0001399383,0.002404692,0.00009589773,0.0004039248,0.0001889816,0.0001411879,0.00005412453,0.006151292,0.9902513,0.00005154713],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"editorial","genre_gemma":"editorial","genre_scores_codex":[0.0000177858,0.02076258,0.0001664467,0.1511665,0.8268379,0.00001402693,0.00002163282,0.00003013128,0.0009830311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003389885,0.006431382,0.0001052465,0.07080711,0.9199769,0.00002420064,0.000008889409,0.00003710037,0.002270205],"genre_candidate":"editorial","genre_consensus":"editorial","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9924201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1657916,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0445226956147701,"score_gpt":0.3422553816128078,"score_spread":0.2977326859980377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}