{"id":"W3163549422","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118948","title":"Comparative DCMD performance of hydrophobic-hydrophilic dual-layer hollow fibre PVDF membranes incorporated with different concentrations of carbon-based nanoparticles","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Separation and Purification Technology","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi; Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","keywords":"Membrane; Membrane distillation; Contact angle; Polyvinylidene fluoride; Nanocomposite; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Wetting; Permeation; Nanoparticle; Carbon nanotube; Composite material; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Desalination","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002762506,0.0003748517,0.000330998,0.0002484726,0.0002708619,0.0002569099,0.0002700005,0.0005429638,0.001579017],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003746201,0.0001602982,0.0003615678,0.0002636502,0.0001896131,0.0004393744,0.0001583207,0.0004490817,0.0004106972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000330916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00019667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00165441,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001805778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997429,0.00002858935,0.00002594138,0.00004815376,0.00006771078,0.00008665124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997274,0.00008773787,0.00003894997,0.00002315076,0.00009934705,0.00002328568],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003894401,0.00003148128,0.0001661377,0.0001188537,0.00001239233,0.0000379246,0.00002994401,0.000152901,0.9969151,0.00006135193,0.00008648718,0.001997966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003062916,0.00009125425,0.0009350345,0.000002985801,0.000008416863,0.00001959293,0.00001878842,0.0004662236,0.9980401,0.0000095094,0.0004003928,0.000004540782],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9942344,0.001484569,0.001847469,0.00009377702,0.00006336418,0.00001251609,0.0004469384,0.00005170104,0.001765257],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9946402,0.00102162,0.001683274,0.00004792823,0.00001532278,0.00002257484,0.0004354584,0.00001692778,0.002116755],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00165441,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005282342,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0178790843707319,"score_gpt":0.2483248149110553,"score_spread":0.2304457305403234,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}