{"id":"W3163624904","doi":"10.1177/20539517211017308","title":"Data as asset? The measurement, governance, and valuation of digital personal data by Big Tech","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Big Data & Society","topic":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":297,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Big data; Business; Economics; Corporate governance; Valuation (finance); Finance; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003879165,0.0001231592,0.0001506011,0.000006472247,0.0006571579,0.0004371858,0.003421557,0.0001170808,0.0000470846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003900348,0.0001036866,0.00003297432,0.0003848804,0.0003968129,0.002301115,0.006272691,0.0002165328,0.00001296225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008559768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008876619,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002949262,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004353998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972143,0.0001695715,0.0002327285,0.0007664003,0.001369462,0.0002475385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961816,0.0001272925,0.0002030012,0.003212505,0.0001990143,0.00007655023],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000125034,0.000174259,0.001758055,0.00004458272,0.0001363033,0.00000125406,0.003012648,3.933215e-8,0.001292021,0.0005521711,0.8541082,0.138908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003777111,0.00001716744,0.002295649,0.00003513311,0.00009721331,0.000005086686,0.008130285,0.00145218,0.0001290893,0.001608766,0.9856716,0.0001801656],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09718089,0.05813713,0.04188493,0.06726681,0.006309207,0.003840749,0.6966152,0.0005031517,0.02826195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9361059,0.01217339,0.0008552669,0.0004714785,0.001321787,0.00001110699,0.04877186,0.00002181157,0.0002674081],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.838925,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7818461,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2878700729135893,"score_gpt":0.3537727177091816,"score_spread":0.06590264479559232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}