{"id":"W3163624904","doi":"10.1177/20539517211017308","title":"Data as asset? The measurement, governance, and valuation of digital personal data by Big Tech","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Big Data & Society","topic":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":297,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Big data; Business; Economics; Corporate governance; Valuation (finance); Finance; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006093289,0.0001992943,0.0002434101,0.001316101,0.001395013,0.01150821,0.0006401318,0.001359987,0.002518205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02515769,0.0002225163,0.0002379876,0.002762451,0.01317731,0.01917198,0.003534976,0.002100548,0.0003647704],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002525982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00193498,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001981504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001668749,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9915707,0.0053856,0.0002693245,0.0006975003,0.001469694,0.0006072603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9827726,0.007992642,0.003545253,0.003756254,0.001059707,0.0008735484],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002982175,0.0000333099,0.03251784,0.00005183066,0.00002035269,0.0001124686,0.01250291,0.0006218795,0.0005626908,0.9220046,0.001937697,0.0296046],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001320947,0.00007387456,0.03981255,0.0005209938,0.00003083235,0.0003510912,0.02908504,0.006148627,0.002583484,0.8114572,0.1098644,0.00005875666],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5962601,0.003009963,0.0819554,0.06349453,0.0002177308,0.0001641177,0.0004997341,0.0001086467,0.2542898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995711,0.0004174063,0.002104067,0.000579623,0.00005300015,0.00002572058,0.00004140477,0.00001509165,0.001052558],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01150821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03222477,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2878700729135893,"score_gpt":0.3537727177091816,"score_spread":0.06590264479559232,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}