{"id":"W3163996164","doi":"10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140045","title":"Gender bias in reference letters for residency and academic medicine: a systematic review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","topic":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Sinai Health System; McMaster University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"PsycINFO; Medicine; MEDLINE; Gender bias; English language; Academic medicine; Medical education; Family medicine; Systematic review; Psychology; Social psychology; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02038033,0.0003857102,0.003561266,0.0003586755,0.0003959326,0.0000816871,0.001411829,0.0006113946,0.0004051432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0314321,0.0002571543,0.000355399,0.000722932,0.000766102,0.0001626161,0.0001806304,0.002819556,0.00001960666],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00031475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002584003,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001703659,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001251408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9906434,0.003001509,0.001828075,0.000445361,0.003420525,0.0006611713],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950291,0.002579348,0.0009263752,0.0002519584,0.0002865088,0.0009267245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003341853,0.00001569967,0.0000131931,0.8266919,0.0001950251,0.0008182215,0.002313905,6.817594e-9,3.850158e-8,0.00316316,0.04654856,0.120237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000270876,0.00003165946,0.000001471824,0.6928292,0.002215938,0.0005800009,0.001882489,3.712322e-7,5.024654e-9,0.0004048992,0.3015768,0.0002062847],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000003002948,0.9736992,0.00009629522,0.02306562,0.0007998467,0.001505622,0.00001086242,0.00001998945,0.0007996331],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00000430636,0.9923164,0.00006901353,0.006168374,0.001034911,0.00007461144,0.00003801901,0.00002425181,0.0002700605],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2550282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3899071514481604,"score_gpt":0.4713877004439636,"score_spread":0.0814805489958032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}