{"id":"W3164330586","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2017.03.004","title":"Two-photon exchange in elastic electron–proton scattering","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","topic":"Atomic and Molecular Physics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Nuclear Physics; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Office of Science; George Washington University; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Physics; Elastic scattering; Photon; Scattering; Electron; Proton; Nuclear physics; Electron scattering; Momentum (technical analysis); Momentum transfer; Atomic physics; Quantum electrodynamics; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009624459,0.0001503816,0.0001927437,0.00001705234,0.0001768529,0.0001404409,0.0001888386,0.00002446875,0.00002169806],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002283902,0.0001556005,0.00004261988,0.00006411501,0.0001629901,0.0002783752,0.000177299,0.0001769522,0.00002805492],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002122561,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001550779,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001243727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008296274,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990539,0.00002961669,0.0001585744,0.0002716879,0.0001000373,0.0003861936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994711,0.00001158157,0.00009896869,0.0003368758,0.00001463924,0.00006681287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006421939,0.0003451302,0.8094587,0.00005540401,0.00002711223,0.00001404365,0.001251661,0.0000156655,0.003138463,0.04488239,0.00001253597,0.1407347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01485659,0.00058255,0.4765741,0.0007920342,0.0001429759,0.000007324405,0.00138911,0.1196957,0.2292193,0.1495172,0.004647099,0.002575963],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972979,0.0001214436,0.0001163947,0.00009656004,0.00004268015,0.0002892794,0.000002678537,0.00001922549,0.002013802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995305,0.00001082309,0.0001333761,0.00003202222,0.0001642028,0.00007701824,0.000002816429,0.00003263157,0.00001664494],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3328846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6345205,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01329148696590382,"score_gpt":0.2846188439105691,"score_spread":0.2713273569446653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}