{"id":"W3164628230","doi":"10.1063/5.0047531","title":"Direct numerical simulation of turbulent heat transfer in concentric annular pipe flows","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Nusselt number; Cylinder; Turbulence; Mechanics; Heat transfer; RADIUS; Reynolds number; Boundary layer; Convective heat transfer; Thermodynamics; Geometry; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006091725,0.0001420892,0.0003363546,0.00003873675,0.00001111055,0.000007247494,0.00008858334,0.00005984387,0.00003445938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001172724,0.0001538412,0.0001270734,0.0004370408,0.00001929861,0.00009720946,0.00001508793,0.0001013921,0.000004061302],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004565546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002547897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000214512,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002246403,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990776,0.00002728164,0.0003362932,0.0001583862,0.000212042,0.0001884102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995653,0.00007024434,0.000006040004,0.0002219664,0.00009099276,0.00004542613],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001008067,0.000118792,0.0008696379,0.0001085083,0.00003378314,0.000009019248,0.0002660108,0.9118566,0.08501901,0.0005954091,0.00001593547,0.001097217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004523283,0.00002623139,0.000908216,0.00004658043,0.00001924998,6.336319e-7,0.000005226018,0.9162906,0.0816237,0.0001544818,0.000341265,0.0001314475],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9299721,0.001558153,0.06735875,0.00002678414,0.0001806987,0.0001247854,0.00003363364,0.00004558661,0.0006994698],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993813,0.0001823893,0.0002819323,0.00001342444,0.0000577805,0.000005380167,0.00004269764,0.00002709576,0.000007998122],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06940916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6273464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008904246496628701,"score_gpt":0.2170135358535304,"score_spread":0.2081092893569016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}