{"id":"W3164671297","doi":"10.3758/s13423-021-01943-8","title":"Temporal crowding is a unique phenomenon reflecting impaired target encoding over large temporal intervals","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Crowding; Psychology; Perception; Psychometric function; Time perception; Cognitive psychology; Cognition; Communication; Peripheral vision; Visual masking; Visual perception; Psychophysics; Pattern recognition (psychology); Artificial intelligence; Neuroscience; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001526174,0.0003949044,0.0006882893,0.0001023792,0.0004080276,0.0002459649,0.0004396215,0.0001264672,0.01812576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00050722,0.0003902504,0.0003209793,0.0005238307,0.00004983568,0.0001713314,0.0001962152,0.0004746049,0.001227135],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002264694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001341411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002488788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000505379,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964716,0.0006313681,0.0009209919,0.00106275,0.0002708854,0.000642444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985489,0.0001295703,0.0004681834,0.0005576605,0.00007674264,0.0002189438],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001801958,0.001113883,0.001881348,0.00925873,0.00008241167,0.0002078515,0.003968681,0.000004837838,0.608858,0.003379155,0.3097386,0.06132635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007341132,0.000100724,0.00003646764,0.005613059,0.00003655276,0.0001172592,0.0001826584,0.0002271994,0.02535389,0.0006968958,0.9662854,0.0006157931],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4379679,0.1754231,0.04156553,0.1113798,0.01404097,0.007622134,0.000467104,0.003850419,0.207683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8865547,0.02043188,0.008534031,0.07705539,0.0004876305,0.0001327106,0.00004007637,0.0001485026,0.006615045],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6565468,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998549,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1072064461487552,"score_gpt":0.3936323211936837,"score_spread":0.2864258750449286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}