{"id":"W3165070499","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109175","title":"Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biological Conservation","topic":"COVID-19 impact on air quality","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":169,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Nunavut Arctic College; Université du Québec à Rimouski; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; Simon Fraser University; McMaster University; Victoria Heart Institute Foundation; Carleton University; Wildlife Conservation Society Canada; World Wildlife Fund Canada; University of Manitoba; University of Victoria; Université Laval; Center for Northern Studies; Tula Foundation; University of Toronto; Dalhousie University; University of British Columbia; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Ocean Networks Canada Society; Espace pour la vie; Parks Canada; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Horizon 2020; Seventh Framework Programme; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Australian Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center; Disney Conservation Fund; California State University Long Beach; Council on Ocean Affairs Science and Technology, California State University; U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science and Technology Major Project; Vlaamse regering; Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund; Provincia Autonoma di Trento; Regione Toscana; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Università di Pisa; Universidad de Costa Rica; Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor; National Major Science and Technology Projects of China; European Regional Development Fund; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Department of Conservation, New Zealand; Ministry of Education, India; Cape Eleuthera Foundation; Labex; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Ministry of Environment; Biology Society of South Australia; Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; National Parks Board - Singapore; Ian Potter Foundation; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; European Commission; Sight Research UK; Canada Research Chairs; National Geographic Society; Virginia Marine Resources Commission; Simon Fraser University; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Commission for Environmental Cooperation; Tula Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; University of Tasmania; Hakai Institute; Fundación Charles Darwin; Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação, Tecnologia e Inovação; Save Our Seas Foundation; ArcticNet; David and Elaine Potter Foundation; Department of Environment and Water; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Primate Conservation; National Pork Board; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS); Australian Institute of Marine Science; Boston University; Fondation Bertarelli; South African National Parks; Liber Ero Foundation; A.G. Leventis Foundation; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Wildlife; Pandemic; Custodians; Biodiversity; Environmental planning; Environmental resource management; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Geography; Business; Natural resource economics; Ecology; Biology; Environmental science; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003345038,0.0001321453,0.0001595976,0.00000648181,0.0001867245,0.00001913901,0.0001835372,0.000129429,0.002333874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004859784,0.00008328589,0.00006634367,0.0001881513,0.0005563778,0.00007232143,0.0003248538,0.00006552314,0.00007695577],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004790873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007884685,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001532998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007104832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986172,0.0003212503,0.0002518483,0.0003655913,0.0002561619,0.0001879365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999139,0.0002199028,0.0001304597,0.0003452875,0.000006436906,0.0001588995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002455424,0.0001089182,0.9820793,0.00001020756,0.000008546574,0.000006650539,0.0001384326,0.0001233466,0.009078938,0.005728052,0.001336661,0.001356361],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002902879,0.00007754901,0.9207945,0.000004293801,0.00001119804,0.000007156738,0.00005607536,0.00006096057,0.001061747,0.009361041,0.06815839,0.0001167395],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9739136,0.0001422512,0.0009118268,0.02313977,0.00005345111,0.0002411049,0.00005145335,0.00003303107,0.001513495],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9854645,0.0001536508,0.0002672767,0.01375984,0.00001225216,0.00001067306,0.0000174811,0.00000314015,0.0003112399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06682173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985781,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07475789187892563,"score_gpt":0.3219177236553838,"score_spread":0.2471598317764582,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}