{"id":"W3167142217","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131023","title":"Relative proportions of organic carbon functional groups in biochars as influenced by spectral data collection and processing","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemosphere","topic":"Radioactive element chemistry and processing","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); University of Saskatchewan; University of Manitoba","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Manitoba; University of Saskatchewan","keywords":"XANES; Alkyl; Chemistry; Carbon-13 NMR; Organic chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Spectroscopy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007804693,0.0001389923,0.0001743392,0.000008288438,0.0001020179,0.00003317157,0.0001078374,0.0001256211,0.00272569],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000215221,0.0001524331,0.00001826924,0.000431208,0.0001029324,0.0003177589,0.00008051231,0.0002612793,9.652248e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001151141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003697755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002233393,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002998549,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989334,0.00001090482,0.0002755254,0.0004366236,0.0001759593,0.0001676058],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993796,0.00004186124,0.000178447,0.0002409466,0.0001070398,0.00005208155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005661229,0.0001248764,0.01506629,0.0003806188,0.00004044565,0.00001045685,0.0002708518,0.000004147206,0.9815599,0.000009106767,0.0005395217,0.001937167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005829011,0.000009725995,0.0008433892,0.0002124528,0.00003290285,0.00005043704,0.001145868,0.0007930613,0.9951274,0.0005572052,0.0004733633,0.0001712885],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9806379,0.001462305,0.00007437829,0.0001187467,0.00002003666,0.00004443257,0.00005233648,0.00003029668,0.01755954],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957433,0.0000409171,0.0004992581,0.00001714734,0.00005404212,0.00001216815,0.0007375914,0.00001687792,0.002878684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01510539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9981859,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01525889901172956,"score_gpt":0.2481891895332344,"score_spread":0.2329302905215048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}