{"id":"W3168418648","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3465152","title":"The Speech Act of Presumption by Reversal of Burden of Proof","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Burden of proof; Presumption; Speech act; Proof of concept; Law and economics; Law; Psychology; Philosophy; Linguistics; Economics; Political science; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01805328,0.0007244104,0.001261672,0.001405797,0.004722106,0.008245626,0.003004403,0.01246617,0.01701548],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05889503,0.001268131,0.001746875,0.000983782,0.01583126,0.01154098,0.004558058,0.01373939,0.004395131],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003623123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005711474,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003713482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002769862,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9811211,0.007503021,0.00139778,0.002903905,0.004967325,0.002106845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9697063,0.02114599,0.001140057,0.005224756,0.0022515,0.0005314595],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000286194,0.000006381424,0.00003679271,0.00001446588,0.00000501083,0.00007372593,0.0005436088,0.0001258753,0.0002603926,0.9949269,0.002092377,0.00188578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000728694,0.00003295129,0.0001796805,0.00006067646,0.00003471433,0.0001851907,0.0003969221,0.003137097,0.001586857,0.9629722,0.03130484,0.00003605182],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03817958,0.000650513,0.2743325,0.0469675,0.00344316,0.0004097229,0.0004331963,0.0005054165,0.6350784],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8307051,0.0003198311,0.0585391,0.00661661,0.001005148,0.0004823297,0.0001030471,0.0003071768,0.1019217],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01805328,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09547603,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006039609129784606,"score_gpt":0.2171392450236889,"score_spread":0.2110996358939043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}