{"id":"W3168743978","doi":"10.15390/es.2014.1246","title":"Gender Differential Item Functioning in Mathematics in Four International Jurisdictions","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TED EĞİTİM VE BİLİM","topic":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Differential (mechanical device); Psychology; Mathematics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004900778,0.0001547936,0.0001899907,0.0003315932,0.0004074681,0.0001238737,0.0003202232,0.0001618365,0.001144489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003119131,0.0001589356,0.00007959027,0.0004878243,0.00009883467,0.000281516,0.0000392285,0.0002610006,0.0001136594],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002944359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002041882,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00154929,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008385135,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983352,0.000172793,0.000384739,0.0002852828,0.0004530027,0.0003689161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992369,0.0002065575,0.0001310026,0.0002090983,0.0001035393,0.0001128995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006779273,0.001728224,0.6153596,0.00009055943,0.0001778568,0.000009081829,0.156692,0.000498183,0.0004253736,0.1955428,0.0147643,0.01464422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001247664,0.00003616842,0.8413123,0.0001191248,0.00003960641,0.000005595961,0.009706998,0.007608617,0.00004230785,0.01665804,0.1227635,0.0004601082],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8189715,0.0001068,0.004210138,0.003236583,0.003243313,0.0003189283,0.00002086957,0.0001825031,0.1697094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953139,0.000115913,0.0002891693,0.0001762518,0.0009432682,0.00003352548,0.00004428945,0.00001976802,0.003063868],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2259527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997686,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02554547147538755,"score_gpt":0.2840223381884568,"score_spread":0.2584768667130693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}