{"id":"W3168799536","doi":"10.1111/phc3.12760","title":"Algorithmic bias: Senses, sources, solutions","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Compass","topic":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":253,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Key (lock); Identification (biology); Computer science; Field (mathematics); Criminal justice; Data science; Management science; Economic Justice; Social justice; Epistemology; Psychology; Political science; Computer security; Criminology; Law; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007888739,0.0001280202,0.0002181075,0.00005762123,0.001719556,0.0002930822,0.0002541387,0.0001714753,0.0002306713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006757127,0.0001422155,0.0001603704,0.0004461651,0.0004390846,0.0002837015,0.0001022911,0.000374089,0.0001989145],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001334589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000626082,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001732803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001304761,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980202,0.0004265264,0.0002125915,0.0002580233,0.0005642298,0.0005184269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984937,0.0003488587,0.00008715496,0.0002516311,0.0005381164,0.0002805802],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003020145,0.0001438114,0.0003430548,0.00001029786,0.00004674728,0.00005053408,0.01078835,0.00001308372,0.0001193919,0.9775149,0.008963028,0.00200385],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003024534,0.00002480742,0.0008844219,0.00004981449,0.00003215951,0.000004774128,0.003589864,0.0001040109,0.0001378226,0.6611034,0.3334464,0.0003200629],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02217378,0.001808836,0.0007387517,0.2869528,0.001559768,0.0002575432,0.00007186936,0.0003992599,0.6860374],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926934,0.0004671163,0.0007764121,0.002553504,0.002295776,0.000007585666,0.00001907418,0.00001756399,0.001169556],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9705196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995801,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1800660445715173,"score_gpt":0.3588110773883642,"score_spread":0.1787450328168469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}