{"id":"W3169110767","doi":"10.5539/elt.v14n7p21","title":"The Impact of Language Testing Washback in Promoting Teaching and Learning Processes: A Theoretical Review","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Student Assessment and Feedback","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Context (archaeology); Mathematics education; Test (biology); Government (linguistics); Pedagogy; Language assessment; Process (computing); Language change; Foreign language; Language education; Teaching method; Linguistics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01513131,0.0004667454,0.001616752,0.0001422782,0.001263244,0.0004300158,0.0007109476,0.0002420231,0.00006721148],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0768168,0.0003076644,0.0003773721,0.0007144852,0.0003041313,0.0002907757,0.0003756637,0.00406614,0.000002577815],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002744576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007649254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001699437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002069162,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9908184,0.006334272,0.0009373269,0.0005586306,0.0006214197,0.0007299319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9909932,0.007712936,0.0007183699,0.000334344,0.0001082967,0.0001328397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[8.10629e-7,0.00004499887,0.0002692899,0.008839818,0.00007291828,0.00004010702,0.289554,6.327762e-7,9.834874e-7,0.00135327,0.00002916184,0.6997941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004276733,0.0001546743,0.00002100942,0.3033712,0.0007906356,0.00002834997,0.514769,0.00006373555,4.594426e-7,0.00004602048,0.1791423,0.001184965],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.006401947,0.9592141,0.00000533475,0.00002663102,0.0001042716,0.001047432,0.000005093377,0.00013207,0.03306314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0147854,0.9831918,0.0007311434,0.00001482538,0.0007078209,0.00007651445,0.00004117499,0.00007450228,0.0003768099],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6986091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02637206611528025,"score_gpt":0.408983402719177,"score_spread":0.3826113366038968,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}