{"id":"W3169262929","doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01169-7","title":"Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lancet","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1672,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Sydney Medical School; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; National Health and Medical Research Council; Medical Research Council; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; George Institute for Global Health; Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide; Western Sydney University; Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; Háskólinn í Reykjavík; Fakultet Medicinskih Nauka, Univerziteta U Kragujevcu; Alexandria University; Brown University; Tarbiat Modares University; Uppsala Universitet; Università degli Studi dell'Aquila; University of Warwick; Hokkaido University; University of Ghana; Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research; National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation; University of Cape Town; National Institutes of Health; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Golestan University of Medical Sciences; University of Oklahoma; Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services; Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii; Kuwait University; Universitas Airlangga; National Research University Higher School of Economics; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Islamic Azad University; Kyung Hee University; Emory University; Autoritatea Natională pentru Cercetare Stiintifică; Kosin University; Ain Shams University; Monash University; Birjand University of Medical Sciences; Lunds Universitet; University of Sydney; Charles Sturt University; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior; Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; South African Medical Research Council; London South Bank University; Madda Walabu University; National Heart Foundation of Australia; University of Tabriz; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; University of Central Florida; University of Tasmania; Nankai University; Department of Social Services, Australian Government; Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca; King's College London; Washington State University; Department of Health and Social Care; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Hamad Bin Khalifa University; The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance; National Institute for Health and Care Research; University of Central Punjab; Trường Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja; Public Health England; James Cook University; Bloomberg Philanthropies; College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota; Johns Hopkins University; Wellcome Trust; Trường Đại học Duy Tân; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Università degli Studi di Milano; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; La Trobe University; Florida International University; U.S. Department of Defense; Arabian Gulf University; Cancer Research UK; Deakin University; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; National Cancer Institute; University of South Carolina; University of Bath; Krishna Institute Of Medical Sciences Deemed To Be University; Binzhou Medical University; Tufts Medical Center; Barts Charity; Kaiser Permanente; Hamad Medical Corporation; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; British Heart Foundation; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand; Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación; Federation University Australia; National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South London; Mahatma Gandhi University; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; Karolinska Institutet; Yale University; Bournemouth University; San Diego State University; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Ohio State University; Bloomberg Family Foundation","keywords":"Medicine; Tobacco control; Disease burden; Environmental health; Burden of disease; Demography; Disease; Population; Global health; Smoking prevalence; Epidemiology; Estimation; Public health; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01220209,0.00107065,0.004319136,0.006940735,0.0004359492,0.001440042,0.001200553,0.0009725124,0.001334421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02493892,0.00108501,0.0234979,0.01117624,0.0006660754,0.001057059,0.001943421,0.001213272,0.0002299746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001678685,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0044215,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04752721,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07625668,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9904669,0.003322293,0.003245476,0.001479683,0.001136031,0.0003496504],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9857789,0.006851395,0.003816359,0.0008712768,0.002458114,0.000223862],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001515685,0.00003510747,0.4218715,0.1335912,0.3938194,0.0003724367,0.0008167999,0.003123143,0.0004185383,0.0007891302,0.006969122,0.03667805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005833394,0.0002954995,0.4271583,0.04870903,0.5065491,0.0009369866,0.0007244668,0.002026558,0.0003438324,0.001094524,0.0114008,0.0001776082],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09296619,0.8748862,0.003239812,0.001173576,0.0001857253,0.0002874032,0.02632483,0.00009467237,0.0008415964],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7365947,0.2417216,0.00527272,0.001269247,0.0001460358,0.001038946,0.0135982,0.00006551207,0.000293215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04752721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09450114,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02676591754890497,"score_gpt":0.2862754952405374,"score_spread":0.2595095776916325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}