{"id":"W3171116955","doi":"10.21432/cjlt28116","title":"Boundary Crossing between Formal and Informal Learning Opportunities: A Pathway for Advancing e-Learning Sustainability","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology","topic":"Innovative Education and Learning Practices","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; University of Calgary; Algonquin College","funders":"","keywords":"Informal learning; Formal learning; Informal education; Activity theory; Computer science; Educational technology; Learning design; Process (computing); Learning sciences; Instructional design; Relation (database); Sociology; Knowledge management; Pedagogy; Psychology; Multimedia; Mathematics education; Higher education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003356594,0.0001272153,0.000287134,0.0006214266,0.0051769,0.0005781502,0.0001190755,0.0002396582,0.00007585709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01697977,0.0001398707,0.00004672903,0.0005258035,0.001047193,0.0008695062,0.00003886405,0.001599578,6.021096e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002090129,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009250397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008090958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002910287,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982531,0.0003763215,0.0004052758,0.000168153,0.0001460385,0.0006510756],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969044,0.0006504041,0.0005429498,0.00005580234,0.001477685,0.0003687182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001577282,0.000006439031,0.5073311,0.00007814907,0.00004903719,0.00007036364,0.03302146,0.0001184785,0.00004252918,0.01270169,0.00004785175,0.4465172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002652109,0.000208967,0.003449011,0.00006197663,0.00001756889,0.00008571742,0.2924766,0.00004885667,0.00004276253,0.0006195822,0.7026021,0.0001216291],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9806214,0.001376041,0.002101805,0.01262383,0.0002246702,0.00009940725,0.000001378666,0.00005220136,0.002899287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941809,0.000107616,0.001338182,0.00005680107,0.000240421,0.000004253814,0.000006532852,0.00001597886,0.0040493],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7025542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9963663,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03806530415671103,"score_gpt":0.3477778020566504,"score_spread":0.3097124978999394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}