{"id":"W3171986067","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-70963-1_2","title":"The Limits of Populism as Causal Explanation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Populism, Right-Wing Movements","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Populism; Democracy; Politics; Context (archaeology); Accountability; Political science; Democratization; Political economy; Teleology; State (computer science); Positive economics; Sociology; Law; Economics; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007200773,0.0008239115,0.001144793,0.002377797,0.002816347,0.006750164,0.001749426,0.004344636,0.006732102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01522924,0.0006063718,0.0008914248,0.002015807,0.03684177,0.01154346,0.00282204,0.007246068,0.001061191],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004039458,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00242247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003511278,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003075994,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9949307,0.003560013,0.0001089178,0.0004527477,0.0007032673,0.0002444572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9875551,0.01087753,0.0002889951,0.0008242493,0.0003347286,0.0001194379],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001555686,0.000001513338,0.00001780886,0.000009813505,0.000002414352,0.0000068972,0.0002156837,0.00007832142,0.000007759902,0.997941,0.0007057418,0.001011428],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001575751,4.933577e-7,0.00001236277,0.00001003241,9.025009e-7,0.000006847552,0.00003705711,0.0001915553,0.00001167126,0.9964952,0.003230946,0.000001266396],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01179543,0.03095338,0.160896,0.07215801,0.001378434,0.00005462552,0.0002076146,0.0001974207,0.7223592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8624894,0.011556,0.04146437,0.008620353,0.003829719,0.0003070194,0.0001984547,0.0003889871,0.07114575],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007200773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03808182,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05266546587068074,"score_gpt":0.3268321574541593,"score_spread":0.2741666915834785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}