{"id":"W3172912867","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.1c00721","title":"Detection Limits of Trinitrotoluene and Ammonium Nitrate in Soil by Raman Spectroscopy","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Omega","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security","keywords":"Trinitrotoluene; Raman spectroscopy; Detection limit; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Calibration curve; Calibration; Mass spectrum; Chemistry; Mass spectrometry; Nitrate; Ammonium; Ammonium nitrate; Mass concentration (chemistry); Chromatography; Mathematics; Physics; Explosive material; Optics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009498389,0.0001377733,0.0002148236,0.00008429868,0.0000308871,0.00003065201,0.00006468903,0.0001150394,0.000009595468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002697436,0.0001527129,0.00002939831,0.0003265663,0.00002223261,0.0001410611,0.00001550468,0.0002467548,0.00001170778],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004914479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002215736,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005786508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006780658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992228,0.00003205485,0.0002177792,0.0001764592,0.0001012588,0.0002496208],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999657,0.00006086229,0.00002927208,0.0001672585,0.00002380069,0.00006184908],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003816874,0.00003317904,0.0008878729,0.00006179231,0.0000212145,0.00001967541,0.00007959308,0.000376653,0.9975487,0.00005198105,0.0001320219,0.000749134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000607082,0.00007069794,0.001892722,0.00002700043,0.00001149911,0.0000151413,0.00004318191,0.001093712,0.995258,0.0002946316,0.0005401454,0.0001461533],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961468,0.0004921544,0.0002145677,0.0000459067,0.0001926616,0.0000988319,0.00001614564,0.00008023378,0.002712712],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990765,0.0004333562,0.0002451871,0.00002482706,0.00004481876,0.00001700168,0.00001210572,0.00002443745,0.0001218093],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002929671,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6227452,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008545235041742079,"score_gpt":0.2171622961370056,"score_spread":0.2086170610952635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}