{"id":"W3173124919","doi":"10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105580","title":"Patronage or policy? The politics of property rights formalization in Kenya","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Development","topic":"Land Rights and Reforms","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Oxford; Cornell University","keywords":"Clientelism; Politics; Authoritarianism; Competition (biology); Property rights; Bureaucracy; Competitor analysis; Government (linguistics); Political economy; Democracy; Economics; Scholarship; Land tenure; Political science; Economic growth; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009700581,0.0002330338,0.0005571061,0.001000055,0.01180937,0.008384532,0.001081705,0.006228156,0.0170973],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0162749,0.0005464939,0.0002238197,0.001725791,0.0141495,0.007532081,0.004063635,0.006779932,0.0005497062],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01557197,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01879475,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06549568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1129855,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9926671,0.00267747,0.0001657291,0.000464909,0.0006476002,0.003377017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9882735,0.00717428,0.002062318,0.0003515412,0.0007820436,0.001356352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009638828,0.000062652,0.002814922,0.0000902212,0.00001190738,0.000261124,0.00680828,0.0002733374,0.0003568734,0.9775915,0.004753104,0.006879605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006352246,0.0003853618,0.06933454,0.001629269,0.000194607,0.000541404,0.04923422,0.00340076,0.002648436,0.4941182,0.3776044,0.0002734992],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4176323,0.006575224,0.002047244,0.1340103,0.0002087875,0.0002490454,0.0001908124,0.00002754157,0.4390588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9815704,0.0007971217,0.0001912475,0.003140445,0.00004850883,0.00005826308,0.00001335136,0.000008252657,0.0141723],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06549568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1302289,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01900416152677347,"score_gpt":0.2206640115621764,"score_spread":0.2016598500354029,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}