{"id":"W3173427485","doi":"10.1016/j.jval.2021.04.1274","title":"Opioid Prescribing in United States Health Systems, 2015 to 2019","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Value in Health","topic":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Women's College Hospital; St. Michael's Hospital","funders":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","keywords":"Oxycodone; Hydrocodone; Fentanyl; Medicine; Opioid; Medical prescription; Pharmacy; Health care; Emergency medicine; Family medicine; Anesthesia; Pharmacology; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000876888,0.0001974437,0.0006251615,0.000539961,0.00005690665,0.0000254225,0.00008176178,0.00006781243,0.00002182707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001530289,0.0001934937,0.00003819386,0.001190473,0.00001260156,0.00005206389,0.00006300137,0.0002825981,0.00008826025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00155629,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002588714,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1444464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001076771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971027,0.0005484374,0.0008244512,0.0004633162,0.0003521726,0.0007088846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986617,0.0001448141,0.0001299325,0.0005006678,0.000100021,0.0004628543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006780147,0.005642036,0.4875249,0.01940342,0.0001788207,0.001026271,0.08457725,0.2783052,0.000130683,0.004459096,0.1107,0.007374282],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02372065,0.007085974,0.5057911,0.03916731,0.00005765571,0.0003129744,0.05104894,0.09655499,0.0004080495,0.0008313673,0.2735112,0.001509717],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9167782,0.03587952,0.00006739772,0.04392974,0.0006483831,0.002360588,0.0001197547,0.00009644895,0.0001199661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9587358,0.01616656,0.004418938,0.01581531,0.0002206205,0.0002777114,0.002205691,0.0001369086,0.002022458],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1817502,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8612508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04718630774174696,"score_gpt":0.3448121681259759,"score_spread":0.2976258603842289,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}