{"id":"W3173898579","doi":"10.1111/caje.12532","title":"Trade without “scale effects”","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Autarky; Comparative advantage; Population; Economics; Free trade; Per capita; Economies of scale; Trade barrier; International free trade agreement; International economics; International trade; Microeconomics; Market economy; Welfare","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009363092,0.0006649972,0.00121496,0.001075136,0.0009160998,0.003152016,0.0009194424,0.001655975,0.04903537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004844157,0.0004542869,0.001753373,0.001935458,0.003149787,0.004354443,0.001589847,0.002165845,0.004528376],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001426943,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004922159,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006761148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004439521,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988398,0.0002539863,0.00006669995,0.0004389872,0.0002340298,0.0001665588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959551,0.001172274,0.001144722,0.00126026,0.0003352666,0.0001323215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006112398,0.00005140209,0.008547373,0.0001910122,0.0002508292,0.0004766857,0.0001537063,0.02314973,0.0005074618,0.9210886,0.01773441,0.02778768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005645239,0.00008480054,0.009265563,0.00009243692,0.0001463083,0.0005097761,0.000192321,0.03241592,0.0004906889,0.9119254,0.04477232,0.00004814021],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1661337,0.005999433,0.2766207,0.01421368,0.001391592,0.0002419605,0.006679317,0.001798955,0.5269206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9349333,0.001483536,0.005719221,0.0009498459,0.0005985638,0.00007688892,0.0009219203,0.0001008677,0.05521581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04903537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1640397,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1609814344943945,"score_gpt":0.1705111731033038,"score_spread":0.009529738608909294,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}