{"id":"W3173937453","doi":"10.1002/bbb.2261","title":"Isolation of lignin‐containing cellulose nanocrystals: life‐cycle environmental impacts and opportunities for improvement","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining","topic":"Advanced Cellulose Research Studies","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Life-cycle assessment; Pulp and paper industry; Cellulose; Nanocellulose; Lignin; Environmental science; Global-warming potential; Oxalic acid; Environmental pollution; Nanomaterials; Chemistry; Materials science; Waste management; Nanotechnology; Organic chemistry; Environmental protection; Production (economics); Greenhouse gas; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003267294,0.0003024265,0.0002655266,0.0001355699,0.0001269843,0.0004372309,0.0001633427,0.0003068785,0.0006317213],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002995221,0.0001089722,0.0003084492,0.0001838926,0.0001305307,0.0003357439,0.0001759048,0.0003423767,0.0001345194],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005532749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003027643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001549628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003515316,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998685,0.00002255542,0.00001112487,0.00002761872,0.00004518513,0.00002500913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998579,0.00003333547,0.00003433224,0.00001537229,0.00004378536,0.00001528187],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004071122,0.00003146444,0.0003182555,0.00004927994,0.000006119144,0.00002170381,0.000004761905,0.0005043035,0.9956998,0.00004282785,0.00002082304,0.003259909],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003406635,0.0001314316,0.001110554,0.000004691397,0.000008003734,0.00002036605,0.00001598173,0.001733634,0.996302,0.00002313331,0.0006432194,0.000003604866],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885626,0.002170418,0.006966827,0.000147808,0.00002106667,0.00004826551,0.0002245299,0.00005584935,0.001802635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908519,0.001038253,0.00700989,0.00003563272,0.000004375509,0.00002347978,0.0001674773,0.0000162392,0.0008527567],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001549628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004014373,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04375874394621226,"score_gpt":0.2694441723731683,"score_spread":0.225685428426956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}