{"id":"W3174733247","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202040108/pdf","title":"","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":69,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Research Council; Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie; Canton de Genève; Government of Ontario; Royal Society; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; University of Toronto; Università degli Studi di Padova; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Narodowe Centrum Nauki; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; European Commission; Canada Foundation for Innovation; National Science Foundation; Compute Canada; Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas; Imperial College London; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Centres of Competence in Research SwissMAP; Australian Research Council; Western Canada Research Grid; Institut de Física d'Altes Energies; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Modified Newtonian dynamics; Dark matter; Galaxy rotation curve; Galaxy; Cold dark matter; Dark matter halo; Weak gravitational lensing; Gravitation; Galaxy formation and evolution; Astronomy; Halo; Redshift","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002695252,0.0004725697,0.0006956831,0.0006746162,0.0004444245,0.00006193321,0.0008830858,0.0002923289,0.0001299646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001051503,0.0005222117,0.0003006863,0.001833542,0.0007840295,0.00114874,0.0007035865,0.0007222375,0.00005052413],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001270253,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004891408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001976997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007777822,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969568,0.00002889002,0.001118276,0.000718925,0.0003897534,0.0007873237],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970725,0.00002045945,0.0005852393,0.001512037,0.0006600615,0.0001497668],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000893774,0.0002126755,0.7453175,0.00004517037,0.000188188,2.60434e-7,0.0001978468,0.0001808557,0.007980655,0.2433828,0.00003230994,0.002452848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001373281,0.00007035577,0.8475807,0.000117309,0.0000754686,0.00001187538,0.0005612327,0.0002483454,0.1064837,0.03463211,0.008348457,0.0004971041],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892101,0.0002455866,0.003575167,0.00409319,0.001045891,0.0003486953,0.00003123266,0.0004915107,0.000958659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9739935,0.00002390447,0.0251296,0.000008938497,0.0004265652,0.0001032364,0.00008500724,0.00004202609,0.0001872166],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2087506,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999723,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00890668294444908,"score_gpt":0.21532189072329,"score_spread":0.2064152077788409,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}