{"id":"W3174741106","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2081942","title":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Credit Ratings","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College Saint-Jean; University of Alberta; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate social responsibility; Business; Credit rating; Accounting; Bond credit rating; Actuarial science; Credit reference; Credit risk; Public relations; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01022079,0.000222319,0.0002909366,0.0001931856,0.0008792084,0.0003403873,0.0001825002,0.0001221639,0.00006729596],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001796622,0.0002107852,0.0001320938,0.0005239464,0.0001497685,0.001890961,0.000183407,0.001458421,0.00007003434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005324464,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008259031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001336482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005094358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962277,0.00008564133,0.0005740176,0.000265694,0.0004204497,0.00242653],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981767,0.00009720773,0.001216199,0.0001597099,0.0003081033,0.00004208277],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000649126,0.000180489,0.4534641,0.0000598734,0.0001138481,0.00001228448,0.0005223684,0.000002304361,0.003329271,0.446371,0.0003486763,0.09494665],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009398055,0.00004914796,0.1511069,0.00001638093,0.0001397513,0.0002509446,0.004312167,0.0002562408,0.00004437998,0.8315271,0.01081254,0.0005446862],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9934329,0.0006617208,0.0009805631,0.001121037,0.0004410839,0.0001874497,5.410689e-7,0.00009704682,0.003077639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936409,0.00004452295,0.00006785694,0.0003909033,0.004980328,0.000004981267,0.000004397112,0.00003610842,0.0008299741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3851561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8595571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02912602345164785,"score_gpt":0.2601134845499374,"score_spread":0.2309874610982896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}