{"id":"W3176196993","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128127","title":"Opportunities and challenges for decarbonizing steel production by creating markets for ‘green steel’ products","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":164,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"BHP; University of Waterloo; BHP Billiton; University of Edinburgh","keywords":"Context (archaeology); Business; Steelmaking; Industrial organization; Sustainability; Production (economics); Greenwashing; Automotive industry; Competition (biology); Commerce; Economics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008715992,0.0001850735,0.000297947,0.0001325159,0.0001588409,0.00006457995,0.00007464931,0.00008043539,0.000003049144],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007756547,0.0001779137,0.00006481943,0.00009475792,0.00003859487,0.0005439791,0.00001629351,0.0001576105,1.789387e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006358075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007496216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":8.853639e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007467492,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987571,0.00004556226,0.0004650378,0.0002768453,0.0002158088,0.0002395938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986587,0.00007008881,0.0002420042,0.0001663458,0.0007990614,0.00006381843],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006222255,0.000235312,0.0001258312,0.01355164,0.0004291786,0.00001713405,0.005562835,0.004692437,0.2102603,0.0012278,0.01938425,0.743891],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006954286,0.0002589077,0.0006292817,0.0004032554,0.0001885129,0.0007458472,0.006086039,0.0007706952,0.3086618,0.0002461594,0.6809546,0.000359376],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8245478,0.1176155,0.002541041,0.03861417,0.009468486,0.001844915,0.00003973772,0.0003810199,0.004947338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9484184,0.01792293,0.009723742,0.00004850979,0.004970989,0.00006949442,0.00002322726,0.00013754,0.01868515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7435316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7255111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06682328889946819,"score_gpt":0.2503722562577672,"score_spread":0.183548967358299,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}