{"id":"W3177967042","doi":"10.1002/pen.25741","title":"Open‐cell polyvinylidene fluoride foams as carriers to promote biofilm growth for biological wastewater treatment","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Polymer Engineering and Science","topic":"biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Polyvinylidene fluoride; Biofilm; Biofouling; Porosity; Chemical engineering; Composite material; Clogging; Membrane; Polymer; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001527959,0.0003000159,0.0001901352,0.0003044931,0.000123098,0.0002420567,0.0002103609,0.0004680233,0.0003905935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002125723,0.000142038,0.0002629982,0.0001190094,0.0001645677,0.000386492,0.0002280085,0.0002317226,0.0001707065],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001749451,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001407448,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002788465,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007411371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998804,0.00001390421,0.00001092817,0.00002142892,0.000045748,0.00002752391],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998593,0.00002930945,0.00004253228,0.000008608476,0.00003750416,0.0000226631],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002328982,0.00002509487,0.0001000316,0.00005311019,0.000004388215,0.00005713764,0.0000191142,0.0002306445,0.9958836,0.0001154995,0.00003208116,0.003455957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008130531,0.0002014886,0.000613681,0.000006977357,0.0000108542,0.0001039984,0.00001810436,0.00151842,0.9953347,0.00004932524,0.002123938,0.00001037264],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811398,0.001755569,0.0158436,0.00007537459,0.00005245935,0.00003473183,0.00009762376,0.00009218606,0.0009086428],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848545,0.0008668367,0.01321883,0.00002801697,0.00001616578,0.00003356027,0.0000926573,0.00001577892,0.0008736745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0004680233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001306653,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02656000379598829,"score_gpt":0.2403078500105598,"score_spread":0.2137478462145715,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}