{"id":"W3181614690","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciab612","title":"Patient Access in 14 High-Income Countries to New Antibacterials Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, or Health Canada, 2010–2020","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health; Basilea Pharmaceutica; Shionogi; Norges Forskningsråd; Novo Holdings; Roivant Sciences; Meiji Seika Pharma; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; European Commission; Wellcome Trust","keywords":"Medicine; Food and drug administration; Agency (philosophy); Drug; Administration (probate law); Antibiotics; Family medicine; Environmental health; Pharmacology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001133023,0.0002579691,0.0008033588,0.00006274949,0.0001956522,0.0002822539,0.0002819667,0.00008214827,0.0007591122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002342095,0.0002099759,0.00007213879,0.0002489294,0.000240392,0.0002065716,0.0003206526,0.0002705024,0.00002402748],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009172881,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001190936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03844249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2504028,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968299,0.0003459377,0.001627417,0.0006624309,0.000107176,0.0004271878],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968314,0.001090529,0.0004203618,0.0002990782,0.00005658906,0.001302038],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002023211,0.0005069269,0.8563714,0.0003271252,0.000229002,0.0001069423,0.0005610382,0.000008852251,0.000002150699,0.001530991,0.1256113,0.01454196],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001997812,0.0004041015,0.8369821,0.0001004162,0.00004142647,0.00002381817,0.00004051222,0.0001445123,0.00002489355,0.001676847,0.1581635,0.0004000224],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9324577,0.006794697,0.00001661875,0.05762877,0.001206352,0.0004544257,0.001056935,0.00002885981,0.0003555846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9424852,0.008559477,0.000006584979,0.04823137,0.0004807683,0.00002427405,0.00005673381,0.00002735269,0.0001282917],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2119603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9679606,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0570680239702596,"score_gpt":0.369109309348835,"score_spread":0.3120412853785753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}