{"id":"W3182275080","doi":"10.1007/s10980-021-01300-z","title":"Insectivorous songbirds as early indicators of future defoliation by spruce budworm","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Landscape Ecology","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University; FPInnovations; Cégep de Baie-Comeau; University of Toronto; Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux des Laurentides; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spruce budworm; Warbler; Ecology; Geography; Context (archaeology); Biology; Habitat; Lepidoptera genitalia","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.000202037,0.0001286188,0.0002429195,0.00005049392,0.00006764413,0.00001348965,0.00018294,0.0002305208,0.003131302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007638401,0.0001223009,0.00005525282,0.0004025885,0.00005388077,0.0001231547,0.0001241671,0.0001580821,0.0008220656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001171863,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003313377,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004272003,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002875211,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988107,0.0001509987,0.0002327969,0.0003180631,0.0002072528,0.0002801986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993697,0.0001069237,0.0001679017,0.0002567115,0.00001131242,0.00008740008],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002129297,0.0001322305,0.9740753,0.00001780874,0.00002752961,0.00003300185,0.0003760517,0.00002746126,0.008524559,0.00009853518,0.009828149,0.006838037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005646438,0.0002938962,0.974685,0.000005375602,0.000018126,0.00005118681,0.0001026664,0.0001917674,0.01140698,0.0001112777,0.01240438,0.0001646685],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9847601,0.0001427245,0.00001771268,0.0002630211,0.000808423,0.0001606986,0.00001258988,0.00004407365,0.01379063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985619,0.00002369273,0.00009294279,0.0001964034,0.000124456,0.00002550512,0.00002476659,0.00001942104,0.0009309163],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01380177,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999559,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.001695882902736927,"score_gpt":0.1864829846078961,"score_spread":0.1847871017051592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}