{"id":"W3182566191","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2021.100545","title":"Analysing electronic health records: The benefits of target trial emulation","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Policy and Technology","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Horizon 2020; European Commission; Trent University; Kingston University; Nottingham Trent University","keywords":"Observational study; Confounding; Emulation; Selection bias; Information bias; Randomized controlled trial; Medicine; Health records; Clinical trial; Relevance (law); Computer science; Health care; Medical physics; Psychology; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006956423,0.0001170943,0.000436731,0.0003079722,0.0002044525,0.000007337435,0.0001166238,0.0001544545,0.00001178317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001216291,0.00009418812,0.00003711414,0.001033492,0.0001212644,0.00005389239,0.00007984624,0.0003391502,7.711526e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001944651,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001066268,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003925286,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008006626,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984775,0.0001705137,0.0005487449,0.0002166097,0.000111157,0.0004754454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986405,0.0003191986,0.0004667354,0.0004078373,0.00011451,0.00005126897],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007542372,0.0000482109,0.00008764558,0.0000916733,0.00001667389,2.861908e-7,0.0001804472,0.000004858123,0.00004623437,0.9514106,0.0002601038,0.04777786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001477072,0.0006525537,0.00006094757,0.00007489952,0.000007274779,0.00002467757,0.000182004,0.0001595374,0.002415431,0.9892477,0.005616844,0.00008103335],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5026249,0.01462407,0.09801421,0.3792725,0.0001996508,0.002590344,0.00006367077,0.001457847,0.001152771],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9679838,0.003004904,0.02701851,0.001657581,0.0001456724,0.00005358889,0.00001241654,0.00002301171,0.0001004574],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4653589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.384088,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1308642556528824,"score_gpt":0.4726321239005088,"score_spread":0.3417678682476264,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}