{"id":"W3183422383","doi":"10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483078","title":"Covert Channels in Cyber-Physical Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Reachability; Computer science; Channel (broadcasting); Covert channel; Controller (irrigation); Covert; Control channel; Computer network; Distributed computing; Theoretical computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002863384,0.00005498588,0.00009789413,0.00002225766,0.00001160351,0.00002443744,0.00005167938,0.00003449786,0.0000281449],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009662028,0.00004969188,0.0000233226,0.0001580562,0.000009456415,0.00006011084,0.00001664059,0.00008615813,0.0001169973],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002126875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009603308,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003366574,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002908919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996139,0.00001080188,0.00007161605,0.00008657134,0.00008082332,0.0001362487],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998203,0.00003106725,0.00000277749,0.0001000387,0.00001115158,0.00003464719],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004281454,0.0001720488,0.002155157,0.0002705509,0.00003883712,0.0004178837,0.002490884,0.9196955,0.02548569,0.03529865,0.01313602,0.0008345296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003485582,0.00001652453,0.002018268,0.0000870246,0.000004252011,0.00004634493,0.0006333965,0.9180151,0.04798358,0.0002822342,0.03026685,0.0002978585],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.965275,0.0005162207,0.0009126267,0.00005511689,0.0013304,0.0000505793,0.000001680923,0.0001322022,0.03172615],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998946,0.00003980097,0.00001784611,0.00002248347,0.0002028279,0.000006624523,0.000002096814,0.000006701579,0.0007556715],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03501641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2026376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006872789425160558,"score_gpt":0.2019879507605479,"score_spread":0.1951151613353873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}