{"id":"W3183823306","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v23i1.5652","title":"The Tensions Between Student Dropout and Flexibility in Learning Design: The Voices of Professors in Open Online Higher Education","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"E-Learning and Knowledge Management","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Universitat Oberta de Catalunya","keywords":"Flexibility (engineering); Dropout (neural networks); Workload; Psychology; Higher education; Formative assessment; Distance education; Procrastination; Instructional design; Computer science; Medical education; Pedagogy; Knowledge management; Social psychology; Political science; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01349426,0.00008665591,0.0002469547,0.00009046956,0.0002706116,0.00038581,0.002330489,0.00002740698,0.00002101013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002781229,0.00004820445,0.00002490184,0.0008713472,0.0002278796,0.0002444457,0.004408882,0.0008537973,0.000002214732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001010044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003507194,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008068904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003774377,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953881,0.003059127,0.0004922395,0.0003130095,0.0005412405,0.0002062856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962343,0.002763391,0.0002007471,0.0003431154,0.0004203391,0.00003811631],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006990881,0.0006069576,0.7431431,0.0007268537,0.00007793111,0.00001215949,0.002030513,0.001625548,0.00004256309,0.04678943,0.0008575022,0.2040175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001069037,0.0001951103,0.8651577,0.01360458,0.0000166347,0.000005096638,0.01887954,0.0148813,0.00008611186,0.008239121,0.07767778,0.0001880283],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.709682,0.07485461,0.001631088,0.19801,0.0003732096,0.00442203,0.00001534663,0.00002241426,0.01098934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9836413,0.01357075,0.0004106051,0.00008750777,0.00002491691,0.00009163836,0.00003361175,0.000004815363,0.002134903],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2739593,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5495356,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.243606448727546,"score_gpt":0.5177069272388785,"score_spread":0.2741004785113325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}