{"id":"W318412853","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2550981","title":"Competition, Markups and Predictable Returns","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Economics; Industrial organization; Returns to scale; Econometrics; Microeconomics; Financial economics; Production (economics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002379558,0.0004530969,0.001055245,0.001067629,0.000590792,0.00385859,0.0007546293,0.002009791,0.009085552],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01684533,0.0005065061,0.0006042658,0.000967302,0.00286218,0.005021574,0.001069463,0.001526601,0.0007720036],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001084028,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007342576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002893018,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003016056,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993743,0.0001893798,0.00004493964,0.0001278302,0.000107635,0.0001560114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9786266,0.01370724,0.005511564,0.0006324887,0.0005396258,0.0009824673],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007259295,0.0003024219,0.04582202,0.0002940398,0.0002451558,0.001223457,0.0004975651,0.09412926,0.002869462,0.816192,0.005635721,0.03206308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001040951,0.0001815316,0.02111183,0.00003491121,0.00007196792,0.0002775546,0.0002332121,0.08894033,0.0004530391,0.8869692,0.001542755,0.00007950512],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9330472,0.003838314,0.038182,0.003898874,0.0001020062,0.00002746658,0.0004093838,0.0001686336,0.02032596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954584,0.0005968795,0.0006228031,0.00006639984,0.00009556844,0.000007234605,0.00007523111,0.00000921979,0.003068339],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009085552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03039426,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02011293910108491,"score_gpt":0.1973900170107587,"score_spread":0.1772770779096738,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}