{"id":"W3184849730","doi":"10.3390/membranes11080556","title":"Feasibility of Pressure-Retarded Osmosis for Electricity Generation at Low Temperatures","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Membranes","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Mitacs; Concordia University","keywords":"Osmotic power; Pressure-retarded osmosis; Fouling; Membrane; Forward osmosis; Salinity; Electricity generation; Power density; Osmosis; Membrane fouling; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Chemical engineering; Osmotic pressure; Materials science; Reverse osmosis; Pressure gradient; Electricity; Chemistry; Power (physics); Engineering; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002371647,0.0001340086,0.0002260517,0.00002664082,0.0001525762,0.00002411963,0.0001885461,0.0001128772,0.001359255],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004297773,0.0001207497,0.0001002777,0.0002764935,0.0001265392,0.0001405847,0.0001113367,0.00006983674,0.00003167287],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007039482,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002080413,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003870174,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002255302,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987807,0.0000781702,0.0002704643,0.0004045356,0.0002670137,0.0001991661],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992778,0.00008824868,0.0001076639,0.0004424427,0.00004723465,0.00003660182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004012843,0.00008311125,0.009972892,0.0001007794,0.00001772354,0.000001120109,0.00009853195,0.002488621,0.9832597,0.0001122194,0.003506015,0.0003191707],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003390649,0.00004025752,0.006152343,0.00000457234,0.00003029483,0.000005128532,0.00002075276,0.003389578,0.9861647,0.0003553102,0.003367034,0.0001309589],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973048,0.0004751721,0.0003018896,0.0003468831,0.0001160427,0.0004597477,0.00003443177,0.00009772397,0.0008632937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939613,0.00006791008,0.001774999,0.0001149845,0.00003425751,0.00005916755,0.00005883338,0.00001101092,0.003917475],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003820549,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995536,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02783108178980444,"score_gpt":0.2653974252155656,"score_spread":0.2375663434257612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}