{"id":"W3184849730","doi":"10.3390/membranes11080556","title":"Feasibility of Pressure-Retarded Osmosis for Electricity Generation at Low Temperatures","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Membranes","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Mitacs; Concordia University","keywords":"Osmotic power; Pressure-retarded osmosis; Fouling; Membrane; Forward osmosis; Salinity; Electricity generation; Power density; Osmosis; Membrane fouling; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Chemical engineering; Osmotic pressure; Materials science; Reverse osmosis; Pressure gradient; Electricity; Chemistry; Power (physics); Engineering; Mechanics; Thermodynamics; Electrical engineering; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001833772,0.0001790309,0.0001121138,0.0001532384,0.0001910586,0.0003095569,0.0002112501,0.0002653011,0.0005949104],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001985131,0.00008361445,0.0002278983,0.0001205598,0.0002000135,0.0004537334,0.0001577445,0.0003603064,0.0002631706],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001910994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002120745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004919434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007210627,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998935,0.00001656146,0.000006733904,0.00001792286,0.00004891399,0.0000164368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999362,0.00001433569,0.00001235472,0.000005808038,0.00002264933,0.000008614264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003374222,0.00001092748,0.000309475,0.00004123626,0.00000288172,0.00003857994,0.00001220617,0.000247515,0.9959978,0.0002195729,0.00003484211,0.003051303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000528276,0.0001278749,0.00144109,0.000003582562,0.000007258693,0.00007304849,0.00002957348,0.002136435,0.9945602,0.0001077288,0.001502797,0.000005027144],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9822645,0.0008269866,0.01451666,0.0001965153,0.00002885801,0.00001905173,0.00008811562,0.00008326564,0.001976122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994905,0.000433042,0.004031327,0.00001534974,0.000004251654,0.000007781913,0.00005033697,0.000006845282,0.0005460477],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0005949104,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001990199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02783108178980444,"score_gpt":0.2653974252155656,"score_spread":0.2375663434257612,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}