{"id":"W3186343296","doi":"10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.030","title":"Emergence of an early SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in the United States","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cell","topic":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; BlueDot (Canada); St. Michael's Hospital","funders":"Small Business Innovation Research; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Vlaamse regering; European Commission; Nvidia; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; Wellcome Trust; National Human Genome Research Institute; Advanced Micro Devices; National Institutes of Health; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Transmission (telecommunications); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Biology; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Sars virus; Pandemic; Scale (ratio); Virology; Betacoronavirus; Evolutionary biology; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Geography; Disease; Telecommunications; Cartography; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007745808,0.0001746749,0.0002505675,0.0005754275,0.0005753238,0.001549144,0.0001867469,0.0005822412,0.002038145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009327036,0.0001340605,0.0001789092,0.0006142532,0.0003507536,0.0006653449,0.0006324578,0.001206165,0.0001929225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001916466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002669459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03569727,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05919794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997167,0.00005605431,0.00001652263,0.00004143565,0.00007219466,0.00009699162],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992386,0.000109115,0.0001289857,0.00003252435,0.0002472099,0.0002435753],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001206971,0.0005864906,0.8383455,0.0001239946,0.00006690255,0.001702671,0.001732877,0.0005774347,0.01072423,0.006321729,0.03848166,0.1001296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004473725,0.0001902501,0.9545197,0.0001319109,0.00002282603,0.0005144902,0.003428798,0.0008487304,0.001215183,0.000869621,0.0381953,0.00001852529],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9701866,0.003942423,0.0004200583,0.0138891,0.0003245461,0.00003378607,0.001560341,0.00004177048,0.009601466],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902562,0.002970805,0.0004176034,0.003505233,0.0003002061,0.00001721424,0.0009953803,0.000006889326,0.001530354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03569727,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.070979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07425925194641968,"score_gpt":0.3753492028250504,"score_spread":0.3010899508786307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}